Lately there have been several articles in the mainstream press discussing the merits of legalizing marijuana and other intoxicants. While most politicians remain obdurate on the subject, the mere possibility of having a frank and spirited public debate, free of “just say no,” knee‑jerk hysteria, is encouraging.

This article is not an advocacy of intoxicant use, nor a denial of the very real problems of abuse and addiction. It is a plea for consistent, humane, and effective substance use and abuse policies. Our current policies inflict unnecessary suffering — on users, abusers and nonusers — while utterly failing to reduce substance abuse and addiction. It is time to try something different; let’s wind down the drug war and get on with the more rewarding work of teaching tolerance and the free pursuit of happiness.

For clarity’s sake this article is limited to a discussion of intoxicating substances. These same arguments can also be applied to the use, overuse and abuse of certain intoxicating activities, such as having sex, watching television, gambling, wielding power, and spending money.

As a species, we will continue to play with half a deck as long as we continue to tolerate cardinals of government and science who presume to dictate where human curiosity can legitimately focus its attention and where it cannot. Such restrictions on the human imagination are demeaning and preposterous. —Terrence McKenna

Overuse

No major American decision was ever made without the influence of alcohol, nicotine or caffeine­‑often all three. —Peter McWilliams

Yet all intoxicants can be overused. This is the ‘tox” in intoxication. Use any intoxicant too much or too often and its positive promise invariably turns poisonous.

The overuse of any intoxicant has a temporarily sickening effect upon one’s body and mind. The stumbling stupidity of too much alcohol, the hacking cough of too much tobacco, the wired agitation of too much coffee, the glazed over eyes of too much marijuana: any intoxicant can be overused and such overuse always results in a short term loss of wellness.

It must be noted, however, that our experiences with specific intoxicants are subjectively determined and therefore personal. One person’s happiness enhancer is another person’s poison. Some people can derive pleasure from scotch, some can’t. Some people can enjoy chocolate every day, some shouldn’t. Even for the individual, moderate use at one time in one’s life might constitute overuse or abuse at another time. All of which argues for social policies that encourage individual responsibility, rather than the promulgation of oppressive dogma and fruitless punishment.

The effects of intoxicant overuse are mostly temporary. They serve as clear feedback to help the individual to moderate any future use of the intoxicant. In some cases, a single instance of overuse (or even just witnessing overuse by another person) may be enough dissuade the individual from ever using a certain intoxicant. Or, some experience with overuse may lead to moderate use, ie, “I never drink more than one beer or “I only get high on weekends.” Or, the individual may miss the lessons of overuse and fall into destructive abuse.

We could argue that all of the positive effects of moderate intoxicant use would be better achieved through such practices as prayer, meditation, good works and simple clean living. At the same time, all of the obvious negative effects of intoxicant overuse and abuse would best be avoided altogether. So we might all be better off, and better people, if society just eliminated the use of all intoxicants. There are some individuals who have already achieved such purity; it might indeed be a better world if everyone did likewise.

But which is the better path to such a world? Prohibition, moral‑mongering, judgment and punishment? Or freedom, individual responsibility, education and growth.

We are gradually coming to understand that human beings learn better when treated with respect, given the truth, and encouraged to make intelligent choices. Positive reinforcements work better than negative conditioning. People of all ages grow more sound and vigorously while in the free pursuit of happiness than while reacting to threats and punishments.

Simply stated, the free pursuit of happiness works. To the extent that intoxicant use is truly enhancing one’s happiness, it is enough to gratefully enjoy such use and all that it brings. When instead one is overusing or abusing, and thus diminishing happiness, the challenge is to learn, to moderate present and future behavior, and to get one’s life moving on a more positive track.

Society’s challenge, in turn, is to provide an environment in which such positive learning and growth is strongly supported. This means taking all of the immense effort and resources of our failed war against drugs and shifting to a policy of honest education, compassionate treatment, and reasonable regulation. This means, in essence, becoming fully committed as a society to the basic entitlements of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.